By: Emergent Team
In an increasingly connected world, fire departments face growing threats, not just on the fireground but online. From emergency dispatch systems and patient care records to IoT-enabled gear and remote-controlled apparatus, digital tools have become mission-critical. But with that connectivity comes risk.
Cybersecurity in fire departments is now essential. Departments must protect their infrastructure, communication systems, and sensitive data from cyberattacks that could compromise operations and public safety.
Why Fire Departments Are at Risk for Cyber Attacks
While they may not seem like obvious targets, fire departments store and transmit a significant amount of sensitive information:
- Medical records from EMS calls (HIPAA-covered)
- Incident reports tied to criminal investigations
- Building preplans with floor layouts and occupancy details
- Dispatch and alerting systems used in real time
Many agencies also rely on Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as connected SCBA monitors, mobile MDTs, or remote gate access controls. Each device is another potential entry point for a threat actor.
Fire departments often operate with limited IT resources, making them attractive targets for cybercriminals who see public safety networks as “soft” but valuable targets.
Types of Cybersecurity Attacks Where a Fire Department Could Be at Risk
Ransomware
Ransomware locks critical systems or data behind encryption and demands payment to restore access. This kind of attack could shut down a department’s CAD system, patient reporting tools, or internal file servers, potentially halting operations during emergencies.
In 2023, several U.S. municipalities saw their public safety departments held hostage by ransomware attacks, resulting in delayed responses, lost data, and costly recoveries.
Phishing Attacks
Phishing emails are deceptive messages that trick recipients into clicking harmful links or sharing credentials. These attacks often mimic legitimate contacts, such as vendors or internal staff, and can lead to network infiltration or data compromise.
Fire department staff—especially those who don’t receive regular cybersecurity training—are at risk of clicking on phishing messages disguised as grant notices, procurement orders, or public safety bulletins.
Data Breaches
A data breach involves unauthorized access to sensitive information, such as EMS reports, inspection data, or personnel records. This could lead to HIPAA violations, legal exposure, and public trust issues.
Breaches often occur through weak passwords, outdated systems, or unsecured third-party software integrations.
Fire Department Cybersecurity Best Practices
Regular Software Updates and Patch Management
Unpatched software creates vulnerabilities that attackers exploit. Departments should establish a routine schedule for updating operating systems, antivirus software, and applications across all workstations, mobile devices, and IoT equipment.
Strong Authentication Practices
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) should be enabled on all email accounts, cloud software, and remote access tools. Passwords should be complex and rotated regularly. Shared logins—especially on mobile MDTs or shift computers—should be phased out in favor of individual credentials.
Network Segmentation
Critical systems—like CAD, RMS, or ePCR—should be segmented from general-use networks like guest Wi-Fi or office computers. This limits the spread of malware or unauthorized access across your digital infrastructure.
Cybersecurity Awareness Training
Personnel should receive recurring training on how to recognize phishing emails, safely use external media, and report suspicious activity. Even basic awareness dramatically reduces the likelihood of successful attacks.
Secure Data Backups
Departments must regularly back up important systems and data, storing copies offline or in secure cloud environments. In the event of a ransomware attack, having an uncorrupted backup ensures recovery without paying a ransom.
Device Inventory and Endpoint Protection
Keep an inventory of all connected devices, including mobile tablets, alerting systems, and IoT sensors. Install endpoint protection to detect and isolate threats in real time. If a firefighter’s tablet gets infected, it shouldn’t compromise the entire network.
Incident Response Plan
Every department should have a cyber incident response plan that outlines what to do during a breach, who to contact, and how to preserve evidence. This includes reporting protocols to your municipality, insurance provider, and law enforcement.
Regulatory and Compliance Considerations
Fire departments handle sensitive personal health information through EMS and must follow HIPAA standards regarding data privacy and security. A breach could result in serious penalties if adequate safeguards were not in place.
In addition, many states now require government agencies to notify affected individuals within a short timeframe after a data breach. Failing to meet these deadlines can trigger fines and erode public trust.
Departments that store information in the cloud must also ensure that third-party vendors comply with federal and local cybersecurity standards. Contracts should include data protection clauses and service-level guarantees.
The Bottom Line
Cybersecurity threats are happening now, and fire departments are vulnerable. From ransomware to phishing attacks, the consequences of inaction can be operationally and financially devastating.
Fire department cybersecurity requires ongoing attention, regular staff training, and the right tools to defend digital infrastructure. It’s not just about protecting data—it’s about ensuring your team can respond without disruption.
Want to strengthen your department’s cyber resilience? Emergent helps public safety agencies integrate secure technology solutions, from incident management to digital records, with a focus on data integrity, compliance, and system reliability. Contact us to learn how we protect fire departments from cyber threats.
